The Relationship between Iron and Solids in Industrial Stormwater
The correlation of TSS and iron indicate that reducing TSS concentrations to below 9 mg/L also reduces iron concentrations below the NAL of 1 mg/L....
This blog covers tips to help industrial manufacturers stay compliant with stomwater regulations during rainy season including QSEs and sampling.
“It’s already November?! What’s a QSE again? When should I sample? Are there better or worse times to sample? Why should I keep a rain log?” With rainy season approaching fast, it’s time to review some important industrial stormwater compliance concepts in order to be prepared to collect great samples! Sampling correctly at the right time can keep you in compliance. In this blog post, we’ll review 1) what a Qualifying Storm Event (QSE) is, 2) how to find your sampling sweet spot, and 3) why it’s important to keep a rain log!
What’s a QSE and when do I sample?
In California, QSE stands for Qualifying Storm Event. Samples you collect during these events will count towards the sampling events required every reporting year. A total of four samples per discharge point must be taken in a reporting year (July 1 – June 30). This includes 2 samples per discharge point for the period of July 1 – December 31 and 2 samples per discharge point for the period of January 1 – June 30. Understanding the definition of a QSE is important in order to know when to collect a useable sample. The following are characteristics of a QSE:- A storm event that produces discharge (stormwater runoff) from at least one discharge location
- This discharge must be preceded by 48 hours of no discharge from any on-site location
Example Scenario
This requirement can be a bit confusing. We can break it down in a scenario to clarify what it means. Assume the facility in the scenario has 3 discharge points: DP-1, DP-2, and DP-3. On October 3rd, there is a QSE that only results in discharge from DP-1 and DP-2 while DP-3 doesn’t discharge. You sample from DP-1 and DP-2, and take note that DP-3 did not discharge. On October 20th, there is a QSE that results in discharge from the same 2 discharge points (DP-1 and DP-2) and not DP-3. You collect samples for DP-1 and DP-2 and note that DP-3 did not discharge. You have now met the required number of samples for DP-1 and DP-2 for the July 1 – December 31 period, and should monitor DP-3 closely for discharge because it hasn’t been sampled yet. There is another QSE on November 1 that results in discharge from all three locations. If you wish, you may sample from only DP-3 for this event, since it is the only discharge point that still requires sampling. If another QSE resulting in discharge from DP-3 occurs before December 31, you should sample DP-3. Then you will have met the requirements! You have sampled all discharge locations twice in the period of July 1 – December 31. However, if there is no QSE resulting in discharge from DP-3 by December 31, you should be prepared with notes explaining why the second sample for DP-3 was not collected (something like there was no QSE resulting in discharge from DP-3).Finding your sampling sweet spot
Now we know the sampling requirements, but is there generally a better time to sample than others? Yes! If possible, avoid sampling the first flush. First flush is the initial discharge from a storm event. At this time, there is typically a higher concentration of pollutants in the discharge than the remainder of discharge. This is because all the pollutants that were collecting at your facility during the dry season are picked up by the first flush. The quality of runoff should improve after the initial discharge. Because the first flush is typically dirty, but you have 4 hours from the start of discharge to sample, the sampling sweet spot is usually between 2-4 hours after first discharge. However, don’t let the storm pass! If your discharge point stops discharging after a QSE, even if it begins to discharge again later, the storm event has passed and you may no longer collect a sample for this event. Once discharge stops, the next 48 hour period of no discharge begins for the next QSE It started raining and the facility was closed? No problem! If stormwater starts to discharge within 12 hours of a facility opening hours AND stormwater runoff is still discharging, you still have 4 hours from the time your facility opens to collect a sample.Example Scenario
If a facility’s hours are 9 am – 5 pm, and stormwater discharge begins at 9 pm or later, and continues throughout the night, you have until 1 pm (4 hours between 9 am and 1 pm) to collect a sample if the facility continues to discharge. However, if discharge begins at 7 pm, you cannot collect a sample the next day because there will have been more than 12 hours of discharge by the time the facility opens again.
Why should I keep a rain log?
Violations of the industrial general permit (IGP) can result in litigation and financial penalties. In California, violations of the IGP for stormwater discharge can result in up to $53,484 / day in fines (up from $37,500 in 2015)! The last page of a Notice of Intent to Sue often contains a list of every day that it rained over 0.2” inches in the area of the facility in question. For this reason, it is important to keep track of when it rained, whether you sampled or not, and any notes you may have for every storm event to be able to offer more details in your defense. If you have these details, you can push back on the allegations of discharge and not sampling. A rain log is highly recommended in order to be able to provide the most amount of detail for every rainy day and to consolidate this data in one place. Good rain logs keep track of the days it rained, rain start and end time, whether samples were collected, notes and/or pictures of discharge points, and the amount of rain. Keeping track of all the details can be a pain. Some facilities keep rain logs in binders, excel sheets, or on a clipboard. However, this may result in missing or lost data, and not every rain event being logged. This is why Mapistry has created a simple, easy way to help you keep a rain log — and Mapistry’s Stormwater Suite includes an automatic rain log for you! We use data from Weather Underground to notify you when you have over 50% chance of rain on your site (to let you know you may want to prepare for sampling) and to automatically log the amount of rain using data from the weather station closest to your location. It will pop up on your stormwater dashboard looking something like this:
As soon as you see an upcoming rain event at your facility, you can click on it, confirm or deny that the logged event is correct, and make any changes or add notes/pictures. If it rained and you do not see an event on the rain log, you can add it simply by pressing the plus sign.
If you would like the automatic rain log to be even more accurate and you have a rain gauge on site that can link up to wifi, you can link it to Weather Underground so Mapistry can pull the data for your rain log from your rain gauge on site. This may be useful in cases of microclimates where it rains near your facility but not actually at your location. This feature is not only simple and easy to use, but could also save you a lot of money.
